{"id":48664,"date":"2021-06-10T11:55:19","date_gmt":"2021-06-10T02:55:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/?p=48664"},"modified":"2024-05-02T15:52:43","modified_gmt":"2024-05-02T06:52:43","slug":"tracking-unidentified-yellow-substance-being-dried-out-near-yongbyon-nuclear-center","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/tracking-unidentified-yellow-substance-being-dried-out-near-yongbyon-nuclear-center\/","title":{"rendered":"Tracking the &#8220;unidentified yellow substance&#8221; being dried out near the Yongbyon Nuclear Center"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_48665\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48665\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-48665 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/06\/\uc601\ubcc01-300x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/06\/\uc601\ubcc01-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/06\/\uc601\ubcc01.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-48665\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A satellite image of an unidentified yellow substance in an empty space near the Yongbyon Nuclear Center. \/ Image: 38 North (Mar. 12, 2021)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The US-based website 38 North reported on Mar. 12 that it had discovered an \u201cunidentified yellow substance\u201d at Yongbyon Nuclear Center in a satellite photo taken Mar. 10 (see photo to the right). The unidentified substance was spread out in a line in an empty space between buildings of Yongbyon\u2019s uranium enrichment facility, with people apparently working on it. \u201cDuring harvest time, grain is laid out to dry in the sun, but this is March \u2014 an unlikely time to dry grain,\u201d wrote 38 North. \u201cTherefore, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the nature of this substance and activity remains unclear.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In another article posted on June 7, 2013, 38 North mentioned a yellow substance \u2014 apparently grain drying in the sun \u2014 laid out along a road in Yongbyon. The site said the substance appeared to be drying corn. Analysts at 38 North seemed a bit bewildered, however. Noting that the satellite photo was taken in April, they pointed out that corn is usually harvested and dried in autumn, not spring.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In other 38 North posts on Mar. 29 and May 16 of 2013 as well, analysts observed an unidentified grain drying at Yongbyon Nuclear Center in spring, a phenomenon they found mystifying.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">38 North detected drying grain in satellite photos taken on Sept. 9, Sept. 21 and Nov. 1 of 2012, too. The site\u2019s analysts said it appeared to be corn harvested in autumn. Back in the 2013 article, they admitted it was strange to dry corn in spring rather than the autumn harvest season. \u201c[T]he mid-September typhoon may have set back the effort and the North might have had to store the grain over the long cold winter,\u201d they posited. \u201cGood weather in late April and May could have been their first chance to dry it.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Based on my rural background and my imperfect knowledge of the subject, I thought it was barley that was laid out on the street to dry in spring. I researched the matter further based on general agricultural information scoured from the Internet and inquiries to acquaintances with farming knowledge and experience. This is what I found.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Barley and wheat are usually harvested from fields and dried in the sun in spring, while corn is harvested and dried in autumn. Here are the specifics:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Drying grain in the sun is to remove moisture; that is to say, to dry it in order to prevent rot and store it for a long period.<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Corn is a summer crop harvested from Autumn to September. If you just leave it without drying it, it rots, making it hard to store for a long time.<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On the other hand, wheat and barley are winter crops that you sow in autumn and harvest the following spring. This is called winter wheat or winter barley. Meanwhile, in warmer regions, wheat and barley are sown in early spring and harvested in late spring or early summer. This is called spring wheat or spring barley.<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Taking all of this into consideration, I conclude that the grain harvested and left out to dry in Yongbyon in spring is wheat or barley, not corn. However, it is also true that when seen in a color satellite photograph, it is difficult to differentiate barley from corn due to their similar light yellow or light orange color.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Putting all this information together, I sent an email to 38 North. I presented my opinion that the unidentified yellow substance the website had discovered at Yongbyon was drying barley in spring and drying corn in autumn. I also sent some material I found on the Internet.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_48666\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48666\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-48666 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/06\/\uace1\uc2dd-\ub9d0\ub9ac\uae30-300x156.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"156\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/06\/\uace1\uc2dd-\ub9d0\ub9ac\uae30-300x156.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/06\/\uace1\uc2dd-\ub9d0\ub9ac\uae30-696x362.jpg 696w, https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/06\/\uace1\uc2dd-\ub9d0\ub9ac\uae30.jpg 741w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-48666\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmers in Gwangyang, South Cholla Province, laying barley out to dry.\u00a0 \/ Image: Yonhap (June, 2, 2004)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In its response sent several days later, 38 North asked, \u201cIf so, could it also be that they took out corn harvested in autumn the previous year after winter passed to dry it [because they couldn\u2019t get enough sunlight the previous autumn] due to weather conditions?\u201d They also asked if Yongbyon had a separate place for farming, and if so, where it was. To the first question, I responded that it is hard to store wet corn for a long time since it goes bad. To the second question, I responded that though I did not know if there was a separate space for farming in Yongbyon, I believed they were using empty land within the facility on their own accord. I wrote, \u201cSince food rations aren\u2019t being properly distributed and things are tough, I think \u2014 as a last resort \u2014 they are farming for self-sufficiency and self-reliance.\u201d 38 North sent a follow-up email thanking me for addressing their questions, bringing to an end this brief agricultural Q&amp;A session conducted by email between South Korea and the United States.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In South Korea, too, when it is spring or early summer, farmers lay out barley to dry in empty spaces in front of their homes or along roads on sunny days.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accordingly, we should conclude that the drying grain laid out in yellow lines along the road in Yongbyon Nuclear Center is barley in spring and corn in autumn (see photo below).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We must now wait and see what the analysts of 38 North write in their reports when they see yellow substances drying on roads or on roofs. At the same time, I worry that perhaps my opinion contained errors.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_48667\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48667\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-48667 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/06\/\uc601\ubcc02-300x203.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/06\/\uc601\ubcc02-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/06\/\uc601\ubcc02-696x472.jpg 696w, https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/06\/\uc601\ubcc02-620x420.jpg 620w, https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/06\/\uc601\ubcc02.jpg 741w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-48667\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">To the left, a satellite image of barley being dried in the spring on a road near a 5MWe reactor in the Yongbyon Nuclear Center. To the right, corn being dried in the same place in the autumn. \/ Image: Google Earth<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the past, Koreans considered barley a typical \u201chunger relief\u201d food. When the food situation was hard, things would bottom out in spring, and until the rice and corn harvest in autumn, people barely overcame their hunger during that long period by planting and harvesting barley. People soothed their hungry stomachs by harvesting barley in spring and summer; the period until the barley was reaped was called the \u201cbarley hump.\u201d Potatoes were also a typical hunger relief food that were usually planted in early spring and harvested in summer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Meanwhile, unlike South Korea, where rice is the staple, corn and potatoes are staples in North Korea. It is not easy to farm rice in North Korea, where there are many mountains, farmland is limited, and the climate is unfavorable for rice cultivation. Accordingly, rice is rare enough it is reportedly considered &#8220;precious.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the end, considering how North Korea still suffers from a poor food situation, I hope that with good weather this spring, North Korea has a bumper crop of barley and potatoes and North Koreans can avoid at least a little bit of hunger even amid continuous UN sanctions and the era of COVID-19.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i>Views expressed in Guest Columns do not necessarily reflect those of Daily NK.<\/i><\/p>\n<div class=\"td-post-header\"><em>Please direct any comments or questions about this article to dailynkenglish@uni-media.net.<\/em><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"td-post-header\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/%ea%b0%9d%ec%9b%90%ec%b9%bc%eb%9f%bc-%ec%98%81%eb%b3%80-%ed%95%b5%ec%8b%9c%ec%84%a4-%ea%b3%a1%eb%ac%bc-%eb%a7%90%eb%a6%ac%ea%b8%b0-%eb%b4%84%ec%9d%80-%eb%b3%b4%eb%a6%ac-%ea%b0%80%ec%9d%84\/\">Read in Korean<\/a><\/em><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The US-based website 38 North reported on Mar. 12 that it had discovered an \u201cunidentified yellow substance\u201d at Yongbyon Nuclear Center in a satellite photo taken Mar. 10 (see photo to the right). The unidentified substance was spread out in a line in an empty space between buildings of Yongbyon\u2019s uranium enrichment facility, with people [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":201,"featured_media":48667,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wikipediapreview_detectlinks":true,"footnotes":""},"categories":[644],"tags":[3236],"class_list":["post-48664","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-analysis-and-opinion","tag-bruce-songhak-chung-columns"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tracking the &quot;unidentified yellow substance&quot; being dried out near the Yongbyon Nuclear Center - North Korea News \u2014 Daily NK | Latest DPRK Updates 2026<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/tracking-unidentified-yellow-substance-being-dried-out-near-yongbyon-nuclear-center\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tracking the &quot;unidentified yellow substance&quot; being dried out near the Yongbyon Nuclear Center\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The US-based website 38 North reported on Mar. 12 that it had discovered an \u201cunidentified yellow substance\u201d at Yongbyon Nuclear Center in a satellite photo taken Mar. 10 (see photo to the right). The unidentified substance was spread out in a line in an empty space between buildings of Yongbyon\u2019s uranium enrichment facility, with people [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/tracking-unidentified-yellow-substance-being-dried-out-near-yongbyon-nuclear-center\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"North Korea News \u2014 Daily NK | Latest DPRK Updates 2026\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-06-10T02:55:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-05-02T06:52:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/06\/\uc601\ubcc02.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"741\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"502\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Bruce Songhak Chung\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bruce Songhak Chung\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/tracking-unidentified-yellow-substance-being-dried-out-near-yongbyon-nuclear-center\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/tracking-unidentified-yellow-substance-being-dried-out-near-yongbyon-nuclear-center\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Bruce Songhak Chung\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c339cc714b61bed249d80fbba0476a11\"},\"headline\":\"Tracking the &#8220;unidentified yellow substance&#8221; 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Part of the Unification Media Group (UMG) consortium.\",\"email\":\"dailynkenglish@uni-media.net\",\"telephone\":\"82-2-732-6998\",\"legalName\":\"DailyNK\",\"foundingDate\":\"2004-12-01\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"1\",\"maxValue\":\"10\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c339cc714b61bed249d80fbba0476a11\",\"name\":\"Bruce Songhak Chung\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/bruce-s-chung-profile-picture-daily-nk-e1776758604448-150x150.jpg\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/bruce-s-chung-profile-picture-daily-nk-e1776758604448-150x150.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/bruce-s-chung-profile-picture-daily-nk-e1776758604448-150x150.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Bruce Songhak Chung\"},\"description\":\"Dr. Bruce S. Chung previously worked for the Korea Forest Research Institute and the South Korean government\u2019s intelligence agency, and is currently the head of the Satellite Analysis Center at the Korea Institute for Security Strategy. Bruce received his Ph.D. in remote sensing and GIS from the University of Idaho in the United States. He can be reached at chungsh1024@naver.com.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/author\\\/jungsonghak\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Tracking the \"unidentified yellow substance\" being dried out near the Yongbyon Nuclear Center - North Korea News \u2014 Daily NK | Latest DPRK Updates 2026","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/tracking-unidentified-yellow-substance-being-dried-out-near-yongbyon-nuclear-center\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Tracking the \"unidentified yellow substance\" being dried out near the Yongbyon Nuclear Center","og_description":"The US-based website 38 North reported on Mar. 12 that it had discovered an \u201cunidentified yellow substance\u201d at Yongbyon Nuclear Center in a satellite photo taken Mar. 10 (see photo to the right). The unidentified substance was spread out in a line in an empty space between buildings of Yongbyon\u2019s uranium enrichment facility, with people [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/tracking-unidentified-yellow-substance-being-dried-out-near-yongbyon-nuclear-center\/","og_site_name":"North Korea News \u2014 Daily NK | Latest DPRK Updates 2026","article_published_time":"2021-06-10T02:55:19+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-05-02T06:52:43+00:00","og_image":[{"width":741,"height":502,"url":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/06\/\uc601\ubcc02.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Bruce Songhak Chung","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Bruce Songhak Chung","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/tracking-unidentified-yellow-substance-being-dried-out-near-yongbyon-nuclear-center\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/tracking-unidentified-yellow-substance-being-dried-out-near-yongbyon-nuclear-center\/"},"author":{"name":"Bruce Songhak Chung","@id":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/#\/schema\/person\/c339cc714b61bed249d80fbba0476a11"},"headline":"Tracking the &#8220;unidentified yellow substance&#8221; 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