{"id":32005,"date":"2015-12-21T13:40:52","date_gmt":"2015-12-21T04:40:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/en.dailynk.com\/en\/?p=32005"},"modified":"2020-01-17T08:51:22","modified_gmt":"2020-01-16T23:51:22","slug":"west-german-radio-gave-easterners","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/west-german-radio-gave-easterners\/","title":{"rendered":"West German radio gave Easterners window to world during Cold War"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n

\nA behind the scenes photo of West Germany\u2019s cross-country radio program RIAS, which was
\nthe most popular among East German citizens during the country\u2019s separation in the Cold War.
\nImage: RIAS<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The role of media such as television and
\nradio is known as a crucial element in German unification. Since East Germany
\nfirst permitted East-West TV broadcasts in 1970, Eastern citizens were able to
\neasily access unbiased information through West German programming. However,
\neven before that, East Germans were able to gain exposure to West German media
\nimmediately following their separation using illegal means. West Germany sent
\ninformation to East Germans about the free world through shortwave radio,
\nloudspeakers, and leaflets, despite the fact that East Germany tried to block
\nthese efforts using measures like radio signal jamming.<\/span><\/p>\n

After the country\u2019s division, East Germany
\nwas ruled by an autocratic leadership and was cut off from the outside world.
\nDespite the East German government’s tactics of punishing listeners and signal
\njamming, East German citizens braved the consequences because of their longing
\nfor freedom and information. In this regard, they are similar to pirate radio
\nlisteners in North Korea. Regional experts generally agree that media played a
\nsignificant role in changing the perspective of East Germans, inspiring them to
\ndemand freedom of travel to the West, and setting up the foundations for their
\nprotests and planning for unification. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nOne of RIAS\u2019s popular entertainments programs was called \u201cMystery Sunday.\u201d The above
\nimage shows postcards sent from East German fans to the show\u2019s producers. In order to
\ndodge\u00a0the East German censors and communicate with their audience, the show changed
\nits address regularly. Image: RIAS<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

The West German government\u2019s publicly
\nproduced radio played a big role in enlightening the East German people. Just
\nlike today\u2019s situation with North Korea, it was not possible to send a TV
\nsignal to East Germany in the early days. In the 1950s and 1960s, radio
\nbroadcasts were beamed across the border to inform the East German citizens of
\nthe outside world. The Soviet Union was the first to launch a propaganda
\nbroadcast station in the East European bloc. The American led allies
\nestablished the\u00a0<\/span>Rundfunk im amerikanischen Sektor (RIAS, or Broadcasting Service in the American Sector)\u00a0radio station on the Western side. After the official
\npartition of Germany in the Cold War, other allied stations also sprang up,
\nsuch as Deutschlandfunk and Deutschewelle.<\/span><\/p>\n

At the same time in East Germany, all
\ninformation being reported came out of the Socialist Unification Party. As part
\nof an effort to gain an advantage and block foreign influence, they retained a
\nmonopoly on media dissemination. This ensured that no information from the
\noutside world contradicted the official state positions. \u00a0On the other
\nhand, West Germans were privy to reports that updated them about the situation
\nin East Germany. They were also given access to satire and dramas that depicted
\nthe lives of East Germans. For these reasons, the East Germans had more faith
\nin the West German media than in their native media outlets.<\/span><\/p>\n

RIAS editor-in-chief and Deutschewelle
\nreporter Hans J\u00fcrgen Pickert said, \u201cRIAS and the other broadcasters were
\noriginally set up for a West German audience. But the production crew was dead
\nset on making the signal reach into the East. The East German citizens were
\ndoubly enticed because they know that the same programs they were listening to
\nwere trusted and enjoyed by the West Germans.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

An anonymous representative from the\u00a0<\/span>Bundespresseamt (Federal Press Office)\u00a0said, \u201cThe West German radio
\nstations were not devised to change East German thinking or destroy the
\nSocialist government. They merely focused on conveying information about the
\nWest German people\u2019s daily life. Unexpectedly, this sort of natural style of
\nbroadcasting ended up enlightening a large amount of Eastern listeners and even
\nhelped in eliciting political changes.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

From the 1960s West Germany transmitted
\nPublic Television Station One (Das Erste) and Two (ZDF) into East Germany.
\nThese channels includes news, entertainment, and cultural programming. In the
\n1970s, the broadcasting of West German stations into the East became even more
\nwidespread. East German native and head of Stasi Records Agency (BStU) Roland Jahn said, \u201cUp until the 1960s, watching TV
\nfrom the West was a punishable offense, but it couldn\u2019t hold people back. We
\nlived in East Germany during the day but in West Germany at night. In the
\n1970s, there was almost a tacit tolerance for the viewing and listening of
\noutside media. The Eastern government simply couldn\u2019t hold back the barrage of
\ninterest in Western media.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The Social Democratic Party\u2019s Willy Brandt
\nlaunched the \u201cLook East Policy.\u201d It started to gain momentum at the start of
\n1973. Up until that point, cross-country communication was limited to
\ndisseminating leaflets across the border and using loudspeakers at key
\nlocations like the Berlin Wall. In the case of the leaflet dissemination, many
\ndepartments were involved and it was a thoroughly prepared strategy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Robert Lebegern is director of the
\nDeutsch-Deutschen Museum\u00a0<\/span>M\u00f6dlareuth (M\u00f6dlareuth Border Museum). He said, \u201cWestern Europe used everything from
\nrockets, balloons and wind to spread the leaflets. They would release
\napproximately 500-1000 A4 sized papers at once into East German regions. On the
\nEastern side, teachers ordered students to collect the leaflets and then the
\nStasi would do an investigation.\u201d<\/p>\n


\nDirector Lebegern also said, \u201cFor the most part, the loudspeaker broadcasts
\nwent from East Germany to West Germany, but there were also instances of young
\npeople from the West engaging in regular, organized broadcasts using
\nloudspeakers near the Berlin Wall. \u00a0These youngsters built a temporary
\nstudio and relayed the news through megaphones.\u201d \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nThe peace protests in East Germany that set off the destruction of the Berlin Wall.
\nExperts who were present at the protests remarked, \u201cThe Western Media broadcasts
\nplayed a large part in sparking the collective anger that led to the protests.\u201d
\nImage: Bundesarchive <\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201cWithout the cross-border broadcasts, there
\nwould not have been any peace protests.\u201d According to experts from East
\nGermany, the West German broadcasts provided \u201ca window to the world,\u201d \u201ca means
\nto find the strength to go on living,\u201d and \u201ca door to a new consciousness.\u201d But
\nthese broadcasts did not simply convey information, they also provided an
\nindirect framework for the East Germans to understanding what it meant to live
\nin a free country. It also stimulated anti-government sentiment and laid the
\nfoundation for unification.<\/span><\/p>\n

East Berlin native Anna Kaminsky served as
\nexecutive director of the\u00a0<\/span>Bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung der
\nSED-Diktatur (Federal Foundation for the Reappraisal of
\nthe SED Dictatorship).\u00a0She said,
\n\u201cthe East Germans who longed for legitimate news and information for so long
\ndid not keep these sources to themselves when they found out how to access West
\nGerman radio and TV. They went around discussing the content with their
\nfriends. After interacting with and sharing this content, East Germans began
\nreflecting upon their own lives. This led them to the difficult task of
\nrecalibrating their mentalities. This type of consciousness grew into the
\ndemocratic protests and the border reforms.\u201d \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Director Kaminsky continued, \u201cIt
\nis certainly true that the oppressed Germans of the Soviet Bloc were in need of
\nunbiased information, but I think they needed something more than that. They
\nneeded to hear that they were not being left behind by the free world. They
\nneeded some sense of connection with the Western part of the country.
\nCross-border broadcasts thus served both purposes: provided information and
\nassurance.\u201d \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Herbert Wagner was an enthusiastic listener
\nof Dresden’s Deutschlandfunk and Deutschewelle broadcasts and now serves as the director of\u00a0<\/span>Gedenkst\u00e4tte Bautzner Stra\u00dfe Dresden\u00a0(<\/span>Former interrogation prison for District
\nDresden of the Ministry of State Security of the GDR)\u00a0He said, \u201cWestern broadcasts gave us
\nthe energy and courage to carry on under difficult conditions and oppression.
\nIf there were never any broadcasts, I likely would have thought that the West
\nhad forgotten about us, and was content to enjoy their freedoms without trying
\nto assist us. I think the broadcasts became a sort of door for me to use
\nto escape my immediate surrounding and understand the world at large.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

J\u00fcrgen Reiche, Secretary General of\u00a0<\/span>Zeitgeschichtliches Forum Leipzig (Leipzig’s Forum\u00a0for Contemporary
\nHistory), remarked that, \u201ceven though the
\nrevolutionaries in East Europe did not know one another in the beginning, the
\nradio broadcasts brought them the information they needed to understand the
\ntrue situation. This helped set off a powder keg of anti-government sentiment.
\nJust as 100,000 people gathered together to start a revolution for peace after
\nhearing the West German broadcasts in East Germany, South Korean radio
\nbroadcasts into North Korea will have a large impact in terms of influencing
\nthe mindset of North Koreans,\u201d he concluded.<\/p>\n

*This article has been brought to you thanks to support from the Korea Press
\nFoundation.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A behind the scenes photo of West Germany\u2019s cross-country radio program RIAS, which was the most popular among East German citizens during the country\u2019s separation in the Cold War. Image: RIAS The role of media such as television and radio is known as a crucial element in German unification. Since East Germany first permitted East-West […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":122,"featured_media":32007,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wikipediapreview_detectlinks":true,"footnotes":""},"categories":[67],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32005","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-news"],"yoast_head":"\nWest German radio gave Easterners window to world during Cold War - North Korea News \u2014 Daily NK | Latest DPRK Updates 2026<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/west-german-radio-gave-easterners\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"West German radio gave Easterners window to world during Cold War\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A behind the scenes photo of West Germany\u2019s cross-country radio program RIAS, which was the most popular among East German citizens during the country\u2019s separation in the Cold War. 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Image: RIAS The role of media such as television and radio is known as a crucial element in German unification. 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