{"id":31084,"date":"2015-06-29T16:21:26","date_gmt":"2015-06-29T07:21:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/en.dailynk.com\/en\/?p=31084"},"modified":"2020-01-17T09:26:21","modified_gmt":"2020-01-17T00:26:21","slug":"men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\/","title":{"rendered":"Men under 60 banned from market activities"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">With Kim Jong Un at the helm of North Korea,<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/read.php?num=13022&amp;cataId=nk01500\">&nbsp;<font color=\"#0000ff\">the<br \/>\nage limit for commercial activities has been removed for women<\/font><\/a>; for men, however, this limit has recently been raised, allowing only those in their 60s or over to enter market life.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">This runs contrary to not long ago, when one could easily spot men<br \/>\nin their 40s inhabiting stalls in the marketplace, often selling shoes or<br \/>\noffering bike repair services&#8211; a common occurrence since residents took to market activities to cope with the widespread famine ravaging in the mid-1990s.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">This has changed in almost an instant under the new mandate. \u201cActions have been taken so that men under<br \/>\n60 cannot run businesses in the <i>jangmadang<\/i> (market), as the Central Party<br \/>\ndemands that men should remain loyal to their workplaces,\u201d a source from<br \/>\nYangkang Province informed Daily NK through a telephone conversation on June 26th.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Daily NK&#8217;s sources in two other provinces confirmed the news of this directive but for their safety their locations remain confidential.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201cAt markets<br \/>\nin Hyesan there used to be men in their 40s running shoe repair business,<br \/>\ncigarette stands or barbershops. But they&#8217;re all gone now, and even the stores<br \/>\nsuch as bike shop or key repair shop are being run by men in their 60s,&#8221; the source added.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">Men&#8217;s role in the marketplace has been rigidly controlled since the Kim Jong Un came to power, aimed at preventing workers from doing business rather than fulfilling their roles at state-run factories and enterprises. Women, however, have enjoyed relative freedom in their commercial activities.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">Some men have long turned to offering up &#8216;8.3 money&#8217; to<br \/>\nescape the workplace and go out to try their hand at doing business.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">The term &#8216;8.3 Money&#8217; is related to a<br \/>\nprogram of limited enterprise autonomy put in place by Kim Jong Il<br \/>\nin&nbsp;1984. As part of the plan, workers are encouraged to earn money outside<br \/>\ntheir state-mandated workplaces and present de facto&nbsp;tax payments back to<br \/>\ntheir employers. Such contributions are not necessarily defined in monetary<br \/>\nterms: wild edible greens and valuable medical herbs (some of which fetch a<br \/>\nhigh price in China) can also be contributions, for instance.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201cMost of these men run wholesale or<br \/>\ntransportation of goods, carrying goods for retail dealers using \u2018<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/read.php?cataId=nk01500&amp;num=11621\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">servi-cha<\/font><\/a>.\u2019<br \/>\nSome men under 60, who once sold goods in the <i>jangmadang<\/i>, have now turned to<br \/>\nthe transportation business,\u201d he explained.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">In the past, trains were almost the only<br \/>\nviable means of long-distance transportation in North Korea. Then, as private<br \/>\nbusiness began to grow and the railways further deteriorated, vehicles such<br \/>\nas trucks and cars belonging to military bases, state security and state<br \/>\nenterprises were pushed into service to earn money for moving people, known as the &#8216;servi-cha&#8217; industry.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201cEven at the beginning of the<br \/>\nlast year there were many young men selling coal briquettes, salt and other<br \/>\nfood products [at markets in Pyongsong] but now they\u2019re nowhere to be found,&#8221; the&nbsp;<\/span>source said, citing a merchant from Pyongsong, South Pyongan Province.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">Women\u2019s relative freedom in doing business has created avenues for men despite to stay in the game, allowing them to team up with a female counterpart in order<br \/>\nto evade the new directive, he said, explaining that in these cases, \u201cmen take<br \/>\ncare of transportation and wholesale of goods, while women take care of actual<br \/>\nselling of goods. In this way, they can avoid the regulations.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">According to the source, the Kim Jong Un<br \/>\nera has seen little control over people\u2019s market activities. As a result, the<br \/>\nnumber of stores has increased in most of the marketplaces in the whole<br \/>\ncountry, vitalizing residents&#8217; commercial activities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">The logic<br \/>\nbehind the freshest regulation is that to the extent that the regime has<br \/>\nallowed commercial activities&#8211;an autonomous means of living for the people who<br \/>\nhave been suffering chronic shortages of food&#8211;men should devote themselves to their state-ordered workplace.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>With Kim Jong Un at the helm of North Korea,&nbsp;the age limit for commercial activities has been removed for women; for men, however, this limit has recently been raised, allowing only those in their 60s or over to enter market life. This runs contrary to not long ago, when one could easily spot men in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":145,"featured_media":31086,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wikipediapreview_detectlinks":true,"footnotes":""},"categories":[645],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31084","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-economy"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Men under 60 banned from market activities - North Korea News \u2014 Daily NK | Latest DPRK Updates 2026<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Men under 60 banned from market activities\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"With Kim Jong Un at the helm of North Korea,&nbsp;the age limit for commercial activities has been removed for women; for men, however, this limit has recently been raised, allowing only those in their 60s or over to enter market life. This runs contrary to not long ago, when one could easily spot men in [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"North Korea News \u2014 Daily NK | Latest DPRK Updates 2026\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-06-29T07:21:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-01-17T00:26:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/06\/DNKF00013311_List.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"250\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Kang Mi Jin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kang Mi Jin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kang Mi Jin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8789e130dba923652e871f7d654e0cfc\"},\"headline\":\"Men under 60 banned from market activities\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-06-29T07:21:26+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-01-17T00:26:21+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":658,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2015\\\/06\\\/DNKF00013311_List.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Economy\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\\\/\",\"name\":\"Men under 60 banned from market activities - North Korea News \u2014 Daily NK | Latest DPRK Updates 2026\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2015\\\/06\\\/DNKF00013311_List.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-06-29T07:21:26+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-01-17T00:26:21+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2015\\\/06\\\/DNKF00013311_List.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2015\\\/06\\\/DNKF00013311_List.png\",\"width\":250,\"height\":200},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Men under 60 banned from market activities\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/\",\"name\":\"North Korea News \u2014 Daily NK | Latest DPRK Updates 2026\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Daily NK English\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/top_logo@1x.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/top_logo@1x.png\",\"width\":272,\"height\":90,\"caption\":\"Daily NK English\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"description\":\"An independent online news organization based in Seoul, South Korea, reporting on internal North Korean affairs through a network of in-country sources and defector journalists. Part of the Unification Media Group (UMG) consortium.\",\"email\":\"dailynkenglish@uni-media.net\",\"telephone\":\"82-2-732-6998\",\"legalName\":\"DailyNK\",\"foundingDate\":\"2004-12-01\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"1\",\"maxValue\":\"10\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8789e130dba923652e871f7d654e0cfc\",\"name\":\"Kang Mi Jin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2020\\\/05\\\/KakaoTalk_20190305_114828683-1-150x150-1.jpg\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2020\\\/05\\\/KakaoTalk_20190305_114828683-1-150x150-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2020\\\/05\\\/KakaoTalk_20190305_114828683-1-150x150-1.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Kang Mi Jin\"},\"description\":\"Kang Mi Jin is a North Korean defector turned journalist who fled North Korea in 2009. She has a degree in economics and writes largely on marketization and economy-related issues for Daily NK. Questions about her articles can be directed to dailynkenglish(at)uni-media.net.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dailynk.com\\\/english\\\/author\\\/kang-mi-jin\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Men under 60 banned from market activities - North Korea News \u2014 Daily NK | Latest DPRK Updates 2026","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Men under 60 banned from market activities","og_description":"With Kim Jong Un at the helm of North Korea,&nbsp;the age limit for commercial activities has been removed for women; for men, however, this limit has recently been raised, allowing only those in their 60s or over to enter market life. This runs contrary to not long ago, when one could easily spot men in [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\/","og_site_name":"North Korea News \u2014 Daily NK | Latest DPRK Updates 2026","article_published_time":"2015-06-29T07:21:26+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-01-17T00:26:21+00:00","og_image":[{"width":250,"height":200,"url":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/06\/DNKF00013311_List.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Kang Mi Jin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Kang Mi Jin","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\/"},"author":{"name":"Kang Mi Jin","@id":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/#\/schema\/person\/8789e130dba923652e871f7d654e0cfc"},"headline":"Men under 60 banned from market activities","datePublished":"2015-06-29T07:21:26+00:00","dateModified":"2020-01-17T00:26:21+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\/"},"wordCount":658,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/06\/DNKF00013311_List.png","articleSection":["Economy"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\/","url":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\/","name":"Men under 60 banned from market activities - North Korea News \u2014 Daily NK | Latest DPRK Updates 2026","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/06\/DNKF00013311_List.png","datePublished":"2015-06-29T07:21:26+00:00","dateModified":"2020-01-17T00:26:21+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/06\/DNKF00013311_List.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/06\/DNKF00013311_List.png","width":250,"height":200},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/men-under-60-banned-from-market-ac\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Men under 60 banned from market activities"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/","name":"North Korea News \u2014 Daily NK | Latest DPRK Updates 2026","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/#organization","name":"Daily NK English","url":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/04\/top_logo@1x.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/04\/top_logo@1x.png","width":272,"height":90,"caption":"Daily NK English"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"description":"An independent online news organization based in Seoul, South Korea, reporting on internal North Korean affairs through a network of in-country sources and defector journalists. Part of the Unification Media Group (UMG) consortium.","email":"dailynkenglish@uni-media.net","telephone":"82-2-732-6998","legalName":"DailyNK","foundingDate":"2004-12-01","numberOfEmployees":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","minValue":"1","maxValue":"10"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/#\/schema\/person\/8789e130dba923652e871f7d654e0cfc","name":"Kang Mi Jin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/05\/KakaoTalk_20190305_114828683-1-150x150-1.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/05\/KakaoTalk_20190305_114828683-1-150x150-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/05\/KakaoTalk_20190305_114828683-1-150x150-1.jpg","caption":"Kang Mi Jin"},"description":"Kang Mi Jin is a North Korean defector turned journalist who fled North Korea in 2009. She has a degree in economics and writes largely on marketization and economy-related issues for Daily NK. Questions about her articles can be directed to dailynkenglish(at)uni-media.net.","url":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/author\/kang-mi-jin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31084","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/145"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31084"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31084\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31085,"href":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31084\/revisions\/31085"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31086"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31084"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31084"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dailynk.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31084"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}